What type of metabolism occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid?

Anaerobic metabolism is the process that occurs in the absence of oxygen and is characterized by the conversion of glucose to energy, resulting in the production of lactic acid as a byproduct. This type of metabolism is essential in situations where oxygen levels are insufficient for aerobic pathways, such as during intense exercise or in cases where oxygen transport is impaired.

In anaerobic metabolism, the body relies on glycolysis to break down glucose. Without oxygen, the pyruvate produced from glycolysis cannot enter the mitochondria to undergo aerobic respiration. Instead, it is converted to lactic acid. This process allows the body to continue producing energy temporarily, albeit much less efficiently than aerobic metabolism, where oxygen is utilized to fully oxidize glucose to carbon dioxide and water, generating significantly more ATP.

The other types of metabolism like aerobic metabolism, oxidative metabolism, and cellular respiration all rely on oxygen. Aerobic metabolism occurs when oxygen is available, resulting in more efficient energy production without the buildup of lactic acid. Oxidative metabolism and cellular respiration also pertain to aerobic processes that occur in the mitochondria, further emphasizing the role of oxygen in energy production.