What is the protective outer layer of the skin called?

The protective outer layer of the skin is referred to as the epidermis. This layer serves several essential functions, including acting as a barrier to prevent pathogens and harmful substances from entering the body. Additionally, it helps to protect against physical damage, dehydration, and environmental factors such as UV radiation. The epidermis contains cells called keratinocytes, which produce keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin.

The other layers mentioned, such as the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, play different roles in skin structure and function. The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and sensory receptors. The subcutaneous tissue, often called the hypodermis, lies beneath the dermis and primarily serves as an energy reserve and insulator, connecting the skin to underlying tissues. This structural organization allows for protection, sensation, and thermoregulation, with the epidermis being the first line of defense for the body's surface.